Medical doctors possess various specializations and subspecializations which are listed below. There are differences from country to country about which specialities definite subspecialities are in.
Basic sciences
- Anatomy is the branch of science concerned with the structure of the body and the relationship of its organs.
- Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry studying the chemical behavior in living beings.
- Biostatistics is the use of statistical tests to analyze biological data.
- Cytology is the branch of science that deals with the structure and function of cells.
- Embryology is the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms.
- Epidemiology is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations.
- Genetics is the study of genes and their effects on inheritance of specific traits and on other biological processes.
- Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.
- Immunology is a science that deals with the immune system.
- Microbiology is the science that studies microscopic organisms.
- Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system.
- Nutrition is the study of dietary requirements for people.
- Pathology is the study of disease, its causes, mechanisms and effects on the body.
- Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties and effects upon living organisms.
- Physiology is the study of the activities and processes of living organisms.
- Toxicology is the study of the nature, effects and detection of poisons and the treatment of poisoning.
Diagnostic specialties
Clinical laboratory is a work place where diagnostic or other screening procedures are performed on blood or other potentially infectious materials.
- Transfusion medicine is related with the transfusion of blood and blood component, as well as the maintenance of a "blood bank".
- Cellular pathology is the study of cellular alterations in disease.
- Clinical chemistry is related with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids and tissues.
- Hematology is the study of blood diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma.
- Clinical microbiology is concerned with the in vitro diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
- Clinical immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms.
Radiology is the use of radiation (such as x-rays) or other imaging technologies (such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) to diagnose or treat disease.
- Interventional radiology is an area of specialty within the field of radiology which uses various radiological techniques.
- Nuclear Medicine is a branch of medicine specializing in the use of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Clinical disciplines
- Anesthesiology (AE) or anaesthesia (BE) an anesthesiologist administers anesthesia and monitors patients under anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures.
- Dermatology is the branch of medicine that deals with diseases and disorders of the skin.
- Emergency medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with care and treatment of a condition resulting from an accident or other urgent need.
- Hospital medicine is the general medical care of hospitalized patients. Doctors whose principal professional focus is hospital medicine are called hospitalists.
- Internal medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions for adult people.
- Naturopathic medicine is a system of medicine that believes in the body's natural healing forces.
- Neurology is the branch of science that deals with the structure, functioning and diseases of the nervous system.
- Obstetrics and gynecology (often abbreviated as Ob/Gyn) is the field of medicine devoted to conditions specific to women.
- Palliative care is an approach to life-threatening chronic illnesses, especially at the end of life.
Interdisciplinary Fields
- Bioethics is the branch of ethics that studies moral values in the biomedical sciences.
- Biomedical Engineering is a field that deals with the application of engineering principles to medical practice.
- Clinical pharmacology is a field of medicine that studies the effects of drugs on people.
- Conservation medicine is the study the connection between human and animal health, and environmental conditions.
- Diving medicine (or hyperbaric medicine) is the avoidance and treatment of diving-related problems.
- Forensic medicine is the branch of medical science that uses medical knowledge for legal purposes.
- Keraunomedicine is a division of medical study pertaining to lightning injuries.
- Medical informatics, medical computer science, medical information and eHealth are moderately recent fields that deal with the application of computers and information technology to medicine.
- Nosology is the branch of medical science dealing with the classification of disease.
- Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variation underlying differential response to drugs.
- Sports medicine deals with the treatment and preventive care of athletes, amateur and professional
- Therapeutics is the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease.
- Travel medicine or emporiatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention and management of health problems of international.
|
|
